Selasa, 26 Februari 2013

philum porifera

Mengenal Seluk Beluk Phylum Porifera porifera Porifera dalam bahasa latin , porus artinya pori, sedangkan fer artinya membawa.Porifera adalah hewan multiseluler atau metazoa yang paling sederhana.Karena hewan ini memiliki ciri yaitu tubuhnya berpori seperti busa tau spons sehinggaporifera disebut juga sebagai hewan spons. Ciri Tubuh Ciri tubuh Porifera meliputi ukuran, bentuk, struktur dan fungsi tubuh. Ukuran dan bentuk Ukuran porifera sangat beragam.Beberapa jenis porifera ada yang berukuran sebesar butiran beras, sedangkan jenis yang lainnya bisa memiliki tinggi dan diameter hingga 2 meter. Tubuh porifera pada umumnya asimetris atau tidak beraturan meskipun ada yang simetris radial. Bentuknya ada yang seperti tabung, vas bunga, mangkuk, atau bercabang seperti tumbuhan. Tubuhnya memiliki lubang-lubang kecil atau pori(ostium).Warna tubuh bervariasi, ada yang berwarna pucat, dan ada yang berwarna cerah, seperti merah, jingga, kuning bahkan ungu. Struktur dan fungsi tubuh struktur tubuh-porifera Tubuh porifera belum membentuk jaringan dan organ sehingga porifera dikelompokkan dalam protozoa. Permukaan luar tubuhnya tersusun dari sel-sel berbentuk pipih dan berdiding tebal yang disebut pinakosit. Pinakosit berfungsi sebagai pelindung.Diantara pinakosit terdapat pori-pori yang membentuk saluran air yang bermuara di spongosol atau rongga tubuh.Spongosol dilapisi oleh sel “berleher” yang memiliki flagelum, yang disebut koanosit.Flagelum yang bergerak pada koanosit berfungsi untuk membentuk aliran air saru arah sehingga air yang mengandung makanan dan oksigen masuk melalui pori ke spongosol.Di spongosol makanan ditelan secara fagositosis dan oksigen diserap secara difusi oleh koanosit.Sisa pembuangan dikeluarkan melalui lubang yang disebut oskulum. Zat makanan dan oksigen selalin digunakan oleh koanosit, sebagian juga ditransfer secara difusi ke sel-sel yang selalu bergerak seperti amoeba, yaitu amoebosit (sel amoeboid).Fungsinya pun sama yaitu mengedarkan makan dan oksigen keseluruh sel-sel tubuh lainnya. Cara hidup dan Habitat Porifera hidup secara heterotof.Makananya adalah bakteri dan plankton.Makanan yang masuk kedalam tubuhnya berbentuk cairan.Pencernaan dilakukan secara intraseluler di dalam koanosit dan amoebosit.Habitat porifera umumnya di laut, mulai dari tepi pantai hingga laut dengan kedalaman 5 km.Sekitar 150 jenis porifera hidup di ait tawar, misalnya Haliciona dari kelas Demospongia.Porifera yang telah dewasa tidak dapat berpindah tempat (sesil), hidupnya menempel pada batu atau benda lainya di dasar laut.Karena porifera yang bercirikan tidak dapat berpindah tempat, kadang porifera dianggap sebagai tumbuhan. Reproduksi Porifera melakukan reproduksi secara aseksual maupun seksual.Reproduksi secara aseksual terjadi dengan pembentukan tunas dan gemmule.Gemmule disebut juga tunas internal.Gemmule dihasilkan hanya menjelang musim dingin di dalam tubuh porifera yang hidup di air tawar.Porifera dapat membentuk individu baru dengan regenerasi.Reproduksi seksual dilakukan dengan pembentukan gamet (antara sperma dan ovum).Ovum dan sperma dihasilkan oleh koanosit.Sebagian besar Porifera menghasilkan ovum dan juga sperma pada individu yang sama sehingga porifera bersifat Hemafrodit.

Sabtu, 16 Februari 2013

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} /* Override native 'p' margins*/ blockquote p, .art-postcontent blockquote p, .art-blockcontent blockquote p, .art-footer blockquote p { margin: 0; margin-top: 5px; margin-right: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 5px; } blockquote { margin: 10px; padding: 2px; background-color: #BDC8CC; margin-left: 50px; padding-left: 39px; background-image: url('https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-UxUI_4JBf2A/UR-lkR7OHEI/AAAAAAAAAZg/pl7QnfNFS_g/s1600/postquote.png'); background-position: left top; background-repeat: no-repeat; /* makes block not to align behind the image if they are in the same line */ overflow: auto; clear:both; } /* end PostQuote */ /* begin PostIcons, PostFooterIcons */ .art-postfootericons, .art-postfootericons a, .art-postfootericons a:link, .art-postfootericons a:visited, .art-postfootericons a:hover { font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, Serif; color: #5B6F76; } .art-postfootericons { padding: 1px; } .art-postfootericons a, .art-postfootericons a:link { text-decoration: underline; color: #181E20; } .art-postfootericons a:visited, .art-postfootericons a.visited { color: #4D5E65; } .art-postfootericons a:hover, .art-postfootericons a.hover { text-decoration: none; color: #6DA2BA; } /* end PostIcons, PostFooterIcons */ /* begin PostIcon, PostTagIcon */ span.art-posttagicon { background:url('https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-qYwGrPJERSU/UR-lk-fjZFI/AAAAAAAAAZo/B3QaotzXpKE/s1600/posttagicon.png') no-repeat left 0.5em; padding-top:6px; margin-top:-6px; padding-left:13px; min-height:13px; display:inline-block; line-height: 1em; } span.art-posttagicon:after { content: '.'; width: 1px; visibility: hidden; display: inline-block; }/* end PostIcon, PostTagIcon */ /* begin PostIcon, PostCommentsIcon */ span.art-postcommentsicon { background:url('https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-OsPv_2EobuE/UR-lltVYOZI/AAAAAAAAAZw/CF8GqJLcQsQ/s1600/postcommentsicon.png') no-repeat left 0.5em; padding-top:7px; margin-top:-7px; padding-left:22px; min-height:14px; display:inline-block; line-height: 1em; } span.art-postcommentsicon:after { content: '.'; width: 1px; visibility: hidden; display: inline-block; }/* end PostIcon, PostCommentsIcon */ /* begin Footer */ .art-footer { position: relative; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; width: 100%; } .art-footer-body { position:relative; padding: 20px; } .art-footer-body ul li { font-size: 13px; line-height: 125%; color: #090B0C; } .art-footer-body:before { position: absolute; content:' '; z-index:-2; left:0; right:0; top:0; bottom:50px; background-image: url('https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-LCXeeREi2mg/UR-lnWb-J_I/AAAAAAAAAaI/SZTCEAWzQLo/s1600/footer.png'); background-position:bottom left; } .art-footer:before, .art-footer:after { position: absolute; content:' '; z-index:-2; bottom:0; height:50px; background-image: url('https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-5vRTNThoYu0/UR-lm-s4n0I/AAAAAAAAAaA/hPto2Oy-OHg/s1600/footer_b.png'); } .art-footer:before { left:0; right:17px; background-position: bottom left; } .art-footer:after { right:0; width:17px; background-position: bottom right; } .art-footer-body .art-rss-tag-icon { position: absolute; left: 6px; bottom:20px; z-index:1; } .art-rss-tag-icon { display: block; background-image: url('https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-e0x2CcqJwcg/UR-lmb0dBRI/AAAAAAAAAZ4/xPGvaQ8jJQ0/s1600/rssicon.png'); background-position: center right; background-repeat: no-repeat; height: 32px; width: 32px; cursor: default; } .art-footer-text p { padding:0; margin:0; } .art-footer-body, .art-footer-body a, .art-footer-body a:link, .art-footer-body a:visited, .art-footer-body a:hover, .art-footer-body td, .art-footer-body th, .art-footer-body caption { color: #000000; } .art-footer-text { min-height: 37px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 10px; } .art-footer-text, .art-footer-text p { text-align: center; } .art-footer-body a, .art-footer-body a:link { color: #294857; text-decoration: underline; } .art-footer-body a:visited { color: #49595F; } .art-footer-body a:hover { color: #0D171C; text-decoration: none; } div.art-footer img { margin: 10px; }/* end Footer */ /* begin PageFooter */ .art-page-footer, .art-page-footer a, .art-page-footer a:link, .art-page-footer a:visited, .art-page-footer a:hover { font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; color: #6A818B; } .art-page-footer { position: relative; z-index: 10; padding: 1em; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; color: #404E54; } /* end PageFooter */ /* begin LayoutCell, sidebar1 */ .art-content-layout .art-sidebar1 { width: 225px; } body#layout .art-content-layout .art-sidebar1 { width: 225px; } /* end LayoutCell, sidebar1 */ /* begin LayoutCell, content */ body#layout .art-content-layout .art-content { } /* end LayoutCell, content */ /* begin LayoutCell, sidebar2 */ .art-content-layout .art-sidebar2 { width: 225px; } body#layout .art-content-layout .art-sidebar2 { width: 225px; } /* end LayoutCell, sidebar2 */ /*[*//*]*/ ]]>

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